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README_CMAKE.md
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# GD32E230C CMake + GCC 构建说明
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本项目已从 Keil MDK-ARM 迁移到 CMake + GCC 构建系统。
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## 工具链要求
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### 必需工具
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1. **ARM GCC 工具链** - arm-none-eabi-gcc
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- 下载地址: https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads
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- 或使用包管理器安装 (Linux/macOS)
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2. **CMake** (版本 3.15 或更高)
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- 下载地址: https://cmake.org/download/
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- Windows: 建议使用安装包并添加到 PATH
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- Linux: `sudo apt install cmake`
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- macOS: `brew install cmake`
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3. **Make 工具**
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- Linux/macOS: 通常已预装
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- Windows:
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- 选项1: MinGW (`mingw32-make`)
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- 选项2: MSYS2/Cygwin
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- 选项3: Ninja (`ninja`)
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## 项目结构
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```
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GD32E230C/
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├── CMakeLists.txt # 主 CMake 配置文件
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├── toolchain-arm-none-eabi.cmake # ARM GCC 工具链定义
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├── GD32E23x_Firmware_Library/
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│ ├── CMSIS/
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│ │ └── GD/GD32E23x/Source/GCC/
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│ │ ├── startup_gd32e23x.s # GCC 启动文件
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│ │ └── gd32e23x_flash.ld # 链接脚本
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│ └── GD32E23x_standard_peripheral/ # 外设库
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├── user/ # 用户代码
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└── Utilities/ # 工具库
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```
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## 构建方法
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### 方法 1: 手动构建
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#### Linux/macOS/Windows:
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```bash
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# 1. 创建构建目录
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mkdir build
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cd build
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# 2. 配置项目
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cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchain-arm-none-eabi.cmake \
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-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
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..
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# 3. 编译
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make -j4 # Linux/macOS
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mingw32-make -j4 # Windows (MinGW)
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ninja # 或使用 Ninja
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```
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### 方法 2: 使用 CMake GUI (Windows)
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1. 打开 CMake GUI
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2. Source code: 选择项目根目录
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3. Build directory: 选择 `build` 子目录
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4. 点击 "Configure"
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5. 在 "Specify toolchain file" 中选择 `toolchain-arm-none-eabi.cmake`
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6. 点击 "Generate"
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7. 点击 "Open Project" 或在命令行执行 `make`
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## 输出文件
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构建成功后，在 `build/` 目录下会生成:
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- `GD32E230C_EVAL.elf` - 可执行文件 (包含调试信息)
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- `GD32E230C_EVAL.hex` - Intel HEX 格式 (用于烧录)
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- `GD32E230C_EVAL.bin` - 二进制格式 (用于烧录)
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- `GD32E230C_EVAL.map` - 内存映射文件
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## 烧录固件
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使用以下工具烧录固件:
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### 1. OpenOCD
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```bash
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openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/gd32e23x.cfg \
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-c "program build/GD32E230C_EVAL.elf verify reset exit"
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```
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### 2. ST-Link Utility (Windows)
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- 打开 ST-Link Utility
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- 连接目标板
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- File → Open → 选择 `GD32E230C_EVAL.hex`
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- Target → Program & Verify
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### 3. PyOCD
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```bash
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pyocd flash -t gd32e230c8 build/GD32E230C_EVAL.hex
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```
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### 4. JLink
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```bash
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JLinkExe -device GD32E230C8 -if SWD -speed 4000 \
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-CommandFile flash.jlink
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```
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创建 `flash.jlink` 文件:
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```
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loadfile build/GD32E230C_EVAL.hex
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r
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g
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exit
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```
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## 清理构建
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```bash
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rm -rf build # Linux/macOS
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rmdir /s /q build # Windows
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```
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## 配置说明
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### MCU 配置
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在 `CMakeLists.txt` 中定义:
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- **MCU型号**: GD32E230C8
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- **CPU类型**: Cortex-M23
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- **Flash**: 64KB (0x08000000)
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- **RAM**: 8KB (0x20000000)
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### 编译选项
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- `-Os`: 优化代码大小
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- `-g3`: 生成调试信息
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- `-fdata-sections -ffunction-sections`: 分段存储
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- `-Wl,--gc-sections`: 链接时移除未使用代码
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### 修改 MCU 型号
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如果使用不同的 GD32E23x 型号,需修改:
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1. **CMakeLists.txt**:
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```cmake
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set(MCU_MODEL GD32E230C8) # 修改为你的型号
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```
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2. **gd32e23x_flash.ld**: 根据实际 Flash/RAM 大小修改
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```ld
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MEMORY
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{
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FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 64K
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RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 8K
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}
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```
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## 调试
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### 使用 GDB + OpenOCD
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```bash
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# 终端 1: 启动 OpenOCD
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openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/gd32e23x.cfg
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# 终端 2: 启动 GDB
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arm-none-eabi-gdb build/GD32E230C_EVAL.elf
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(gdb) target remote localhost:3333
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(gdb) load
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(gdb) monitor reset halt
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(gdb) continue
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```
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### 使用 VSCode
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安装扩展:
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- Cortex-Debug
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- C/C++
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创建 `.vscode/launch.json`:
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```json
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{
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"version": "0.2.0",
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"configurations": [
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{
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"name": "Debug (OpenOCD)",
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"type": "cortex-debug",
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"request": "launch",
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"servertype": "openocd",
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"cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
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"executable": "${workspaceRoot}/build/GD32E230C_EVAL.elf",
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"configFiles": [
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"interface/stlink.cfg",
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"target/gd32e23x.cfg"
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]
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}
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]
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}
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```
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## 常见问题
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### 1. 找不到工具链
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确保 ARM GCC 工具链在 PATH 中:
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```bash
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arm-none-eabi-gcc --version
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```
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### 2. 链接错误
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检查链接脚本路径和内存配置是否正确。
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### 3. 编译警告
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某些 GD32 库文件可能产生警告,可以在 `CMakeLists.txt` 中添加:
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```cmake
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set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-parameter")
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```
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## 从 Keil 迁移的主要变化
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1. **启动文件**: 从 ARM 格式转换为 GCC 格式
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2. **链接脚本**: 从 `.sct` 转换为 `.ld` 格式
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3. **编译器宏**: 保持 `GD32E230` 定义
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4. **优化级别**: 使用 `-Os` (类似 Keil 的 Level 2)
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## 参考资料
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- [CMake 官方文档](https://cmake.org/documentation/)
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- [ARM GCC 工具链文档](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/)
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- [GD32 官方网站](http://www.gd32mcu.com/)
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- [OpenOCD 文档](http://openocd.org/doc/)
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## 技术支持
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如有问题,请检查:
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1. 工具链版本是否正确
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2. 路径中是否包含空格或特殊字符
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3. CMake 版本是否满足要求
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4. 链接脚本内存配置是否匹配芯片型号
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